{"id":28212,"date":"2013-12-07T01:37:07","date_gmt":"2013-12-07T09:37:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/?p=28212"},"modified":"2013-12-07T01:37:07","modified_gmt":"2013-12-07T09:37:07","slug":"weekly-wrap-volume-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/weekly-wrap-volume-16\/","title":{"rendered":"Weekly Wrap Volume 16"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><div class=\"highlighter\">This is a weekly wrap of our Daily Knowledge Newsletter. <a href=\"http:\/\/todayifoundout.us5.list-manage.com\/subscribe?u=1b41057449af09fd2f4481595&amp;id=cfe94f6138&amp;group[7741][1]=true&amp;group[7741][2]=true\" target=\"_blank\">You can get that newsletter for free here<\/a>.<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Anti-tank-Dog2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-28067\" alt=\"Anti-tank-Dog2\" src=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Anti-tank-Dog2-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Anti-tank-Dog2-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Anti-tank-Dog2-90x90.jpg 90w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/Anti-tank-Dog2-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/anti-tank-dogs-world-war-ii\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Exploding Anti-Tank Dogs of WWII<\/a><\/p>\n<p>These dogs, usually Alsatians, were also called \u201cHundminen\u201d or \u201cdog mines.\u201d They were\u00a0 trained to carry explosives on their bodies to enemy tanks, where they would then be detonated. No, it did not end very well for the dogs in question. This type of animal weaponry was first used by the Soviets. Following a decision in 1924&#8230; (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/anti-tank-dogs-world-war-ii\/\" target=\"_blank\">more<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/clever-hans.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-28123\" alt=\"clever-hans\" src=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/clever-hans-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/clever-hans-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/clever-hans-90x90.jpg 90w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/clever-hans-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/horse-math-unintentional-clever-hans-hoax\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Horse That Could Do Math: The Unintentional Clever Hans Hoax<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Move over Mr. Ed, Clever Hans was the original horse who could communicate with humans in complex ways. Well, at least it seemed that way at the time. This phenomenon began in the late 19<sup>th<\/sup> century with a German mathematics teacher by the name of Wilhelm Von Osten. He was a student of phrenology, which meant that he adhered to the belief that a person\u2019s intelligence, among other things, can be determined by the size and shape of their head. In addition, he was interested in animal intelligence and the idea that it was greatly underestimated by the human race. As a result of his beliefs&#8230; (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/horse-math-unintentional-clever-hans-hoax\/\" target=\"_blank\">more<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/himalayas.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-28137\" alt=\"himalayas\" src=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/himalayas-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/himalayas-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/himalayas-90x90.jpg 90w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/himalayas-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/himalayas-formed\/\" target=\"_blank\">How the Himalayas Were Formed<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The Himalayas, which stretch some 2,900 kilometres between India, Pakistan, China, and Nepal, is the world\u2019s tallest mountain range. In addition to Mount Everest, the world\u2019s tallest mountain by peak elevation standing at 8,848 meters tall, the range also features several other mountain peaks over 8,000 meters. It is the only mountain range to boast mountains over 8,000 meters\u2014the runner-up is a mountain range in South America, whose tallest peak is just 6,962 meters tall. Millions of years ago&#8230; (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/himalayas-formed\/\" target=\"_blank\">more<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/reading-in-dim-light-340x411.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-28213\" alt=\"reading-in-dim-light-340x411\" src=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/reading-in-dim-light-340x411-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/reading-in-dim-light-340x411-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/reading-in-dim-light-340x411-90x90.jpg 90w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/reading-in-dim-light-340x411-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2012\/05\/reading-in-dim-lighting-will-not-damage-your-eyes\/\" target=\"_blank\">Reading in Dim Light Will Not Damage Your Eyes<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In fact, the only \u201cdamage\u201d reading in a dimly lit setting will do, in comparison to reading in an ample lighted setting, is to cause extra eyestrain, which will go away simply by resting your eyes.\u00a0 This shouldn\u2019t be too much of a surprise given the fact that for centuries people have been reading by candlelight without rampant reports of rapidly reduced eyesight.\u00a0 In fact, the opposite has happened with rates of things like myopia, usually what is most cited as being what reading in dim light contributes to, being on the rise despite all our bright light sources.\u00a0 Nonetheless, perhaps because parents the world over are trying to get their kids to go to bed&#8230; (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2012\/05\/reading-in-dim-lighting-will-not-damage-your-eyes\/\" target=\"_blank\">more<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/ulcer-340x453.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-28214\" alt=\"ulcer-340x453\" src=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/ulcer-340x453-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/ulcer-340x453-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/ulcer-340x453-90x90.jpg 90w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/ulcer-340x453-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/nobel-prize-winner-barry-j-marshall-part-proved-causes-ulcers-injesting-bacteria-thought-caused\/\" target=\"_blank\">Nobel Prize Winner Barry J. Marshall in Part Proved What Causes Ulcers by Ingesting the Bacteria He Thought Was Causing Them<\/a><\/p>\n<p>When it comes to science, we think there\u2019s a saying that is fairly applicable, \u201cwho dares, wins\u201d. Fans of military history may recognise that as the motto of the Special Air Services (SAS). However, we feel scientists and researchers deserve to use it just as much, because sometimes they take risks too. Just ask Barry J. Marshall if you don\u2019t believe us. Marshall is known primarily for his work revolving around peptic ulcers. If you don\u2019t&#8230; (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/nobel-prize-winner-barry-j-marshall-part-proved-causes-ulcers-injesting-bacteria-thought-caused\/\" target=\"_blank\">more<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><strong><span id=\"bonusfacts\">Bonus<\/span> Quick Facts:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Even though earthworms need to breathe, they have no lungs.\u00a0 They acquire oxygen through their skin.\u00a0 This is why earthworms surface after heavy rains, despite the fact that it is extremely hazardous for them to do so.\u00a0 If they don\u2019t surface, they will suffocate and die because the heavy water content of the soil after rain doesn\u2019t allow gases to diffuse across their skin.<\/li>\n<li>George Washington invented instant coffee\u2026 No, not that George Washington, but rather an English chemist, George Constant Washington.<\/li>\n<li>In Roman mythology, Aurora was the goddess of the dawn, which is how the first part of the name \u201caurora borealis\u201d came about.\u00a0 The \u201cborealis\u201d comes from the Greek name for the north wind, Boreas.<\/li>\n<li>Fish are primarily white meat due to the fact that they don\u2019t ever need their muscles to support themselves and thus need much less myoglobin or sometimes none at all in a few cases; they float, so their muscle usage is much less than say a 1000 pound cow who walks around a lot and must deal with gravity.\u00a0 Typically, the only red meat you\u2019ll find on a fish is around their fins and tail, which are used almost constantly.<\/li>\n<li>The \u201c\/\/\u201d forward slashes in any web address actually serve no real purpose according to Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the web.\u00a0 He only put them in because \u201cit seemed like a good idea at the time.\u201d\u00a0 He wanted a way to separate the part the web server needed to know about, for instance \u201cwww.todayifoundout.com\u201d, from the other stuff which is more service oriented.\u00a0 Basically, he didn\u2019t want to have to worry about knowing what service the particular website was using at a particular link when creating a link in a web page. \u201c\/\/\u201d seemed natural, as it would to anyone who\u2019s used Unix based systems.\u00a0 In retrospect, though, this was not at all necessary, so the \u201c\/\/\u201d are essentially pointless.<\/li>\n<li>Berners-Lee chose the name \u201cWorld Wide Web\u201d because he wanted to emphasize that, in this global hypertext system, anything could link to anything else.\u00a0 Alternative names he considered were: \u201cMine of Information\u201d (Moi); \u201cThe Information Mine\u201d (Tim); and \u201cInformation Mesh\u201d (which was discarded as it looked too much like \u201cInformation Mess\u201d).<\/li>\n<li>The name ZZ Top, according to band member Billy Gibbons, came from a tribute to B.B. King.\u00a0 The band members originally were going to call themselves \u201cZ.Z. King\u201d in King\u2019s honor, but then decided it was too similar to B.B. King.\u00a0 Because B.B. King was at the \u201ctop\u201d of the blues world, they changed it to ZZ Top.<\/li>\n<li>The word \u201csalad\u201d comes from the ancient Roman practice of salting leaf vegetables; \u201csalad\u201d literally means \u201csalted\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Other Interesting Stuff:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/sidis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-28199\" alt=\"sidis\" src=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/sidis-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/sidis-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/sidis-90x90.jpg 90w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/sidis-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/genius-among-us-sad-story-william-j-sidis\/\" target=\"_blank\">A Genius Among Us: The Sad Story of William J. Sidis<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Before the terms \u201cTiger Mom\u201d or \u201cHelicopter Mom\u201d entered our vernacular. \u00a0Before the moms on \u201cToddlers and Tiaras\u201d tried to turn their daughters into beauty queens. Before Earl Woods showed off his two year old son Tiger\u2019s golf skills on the Mike Douglas Show. Before Lindsay Lohan\u2019s dad, the mother in Psycho, and every other overbearing parent we know from modern pop culture, there was William J. Sidis and his mom and dad. Boris and Sarah Sidis were Ukrainian Jewish immigrants who were both brilliant. Having fled&#8230; (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/genius-among-us-sad-story-william-j-sidis\/\" target=\"_blank\">more<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/chopsticks.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-28132\" alt=\"chopsticks\" src=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/chopsticks-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/chopsticks-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/chopsticks-90x90.jpg 90w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/11\/chopsticks-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/asian-nations-use-chopsticks\/\" target=\"_blank\">Why Asian Nations Use Chopsticks<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Created roughly 4,000-5,000 years ago in China, the earliest versions of something like chopsticks were used for cooking (they\u2019re perfect for reaching into pots full of hot water or oil) and were most likely made from twigs. While it\u2019s difficult to nail down a firm date, it would seem it wasn\u2019t until around 500-400 AD that they began being used as table utensils. One factor that contributed to this switch was a population boom across the country. Consequently, resources&#8230; (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/asian-nations-use-chopsticks\/\" target=\"_blank\">more<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/fission-340x340.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-28215\" alt=\"fission-340x340\" src=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/fission-340x340-150x150.jpg\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/fission-340x340-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/fission-340x340.jpg 340w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/fission-340x340-90x90.jpg 90w, http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/12\/fission-340x340-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/natural-nuclear-fission-reactor-gabon-west-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\">The Natural Nuclear Fission Reactor of Gabon, West Africa<\/a><\/p>\n<p>In May 1972 in a uranium enrichment plant in France, scientists examining ore from a mine in Gabon, West Africa, discovered that a natural nuclear reactor had spontaneously manifested in that region in the Earth\u2019s primordial past, churning out approximately 100 Kw worth of energy continuously for a few hundred thousand years about 1.7 billion years ago. In order to understand how the natural nuclear reactor came about, it helps to understand a little of the history and science&#8230; (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/12\/natural-nuclear-fission-reactor-gabon-west-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\">more<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><strong>You Might Have Missed:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/11\/weekly-wrap-volume-15\/\" target=\"_blank\">Weekly Wrap Volume 15<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/11\/weekly-wrap-volume-14\/\" target=\"_blank\">Weekly Wrap Volume 14<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/11\/weekly-wrap-volume-13\/\" target=\"_blank\">Weekly Wrap Volume 13<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is a weekly wrap of our Daily Knowledge Newsletter. You can get that newsletter for free here. The Exploding Anti-Tank Dogs of WWII These dogs, usually Alsatians, were also called \u201cHundminen\u201d or \u201cdog mines.\u201d They were\u00a0 trained to carry explosives on their bodies to enemy tanks, where they would then be detonated. No, it did not end very well [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":28213,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,646],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-today-i-found-out","category-most-popular"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28212"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28216,"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28212\/revisions\/28216"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28213"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}