{"id":22729,"date":"2013-06-13T21:31:13","date_gmt":"2013-06-14T04:31:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/?p=22729"},"modified":"2013-06-13T21:33:18","modified_gmt":"2013-06-14T04:33:18","slug":"big-ben-is-not-the-famous-clock-tower-but-rather-the-name-of-the-great-bell-inside-the-tower","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.todayifoundout.com\/index.php\/2013\/06\/big-ben-is-not-the-famous-clock-tower-but-rather-the-name-of-the-great-bell-inside-the-tower\/","title":{"rendered":"“Big Ben” is Not the Famous Clock Tower, but Rather the Name of the Great Bell Inside the Tower"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"big-ben\"<\/a>If you\u2019ve ever been to London, or even seen a picture of London, you\u2019ve probably seen the giant clock tower at the corner of the Palace of Westminster. This tower is one of London\u2019s major icons, ranking right up there with red double-decker buses, the London Eye, and Platform 9 \u00be.<\/p>\n

Contrary to popular belief, the clock tower itself is not named “Big Ben”.\u00a0 Rather, it is named “Elizabeth Tower”, after Queen Elizabeth II; named such during her Diamond Jubilee (the 2012 60th anniversary of her accession to the throne).\u00a0 Before that, it was just called “Clock Tower”. So why is it so often called “Big Ben”?\u00a0 That is due to the great bell inside the tower that chimes the hour out and goes by that name.\u00a0 Over time this has morphed into many calling the clock tower itself that even today, despite the recent, very public, name change.<\/p>\n

So how did “Big Ben”- the great bell- get its name? People seemed to be in the habit of nicknaming giant bells and Big Ben was one of the biggest in the world and the largest in the British Isles at the time of its casting, so certainly name-worthy. The origin of Big Ben\u2019s name is probably rooted in Sir Benjamin Hall. Hall was reportedly a large man (6 ft. 4 in. or 1.93 m, with a girth to match) and was the first Commissioner of Works, affectionately known as \u201cBig Ben.\u201d<\/p>\n

On the side of the great bell there was also supposedly the inscription “Sir Benjamin Hall MP Chief Commissioner of Works” in his honor, so the workers and others took to calling the bell “Big Ben”.<\/p>\n

If you’re wondering why that text is not inscribed there anymore (if it ever truly was), it’s because the current Big Ben is not the original. The original bell actually cracked before the clock itself was even installed in the tower (more on this later).\u00a0 As to why the name supposedly was inscribed on the first and not the second bell, the reason often given is that Sir Hall was no longer the Chief Commissioner when the second bell was cast.\u00a0 In addition, different founders were used to cast the second bell, so they may not have felt inclined to put the inscription on.<\/p>\n

As there is little documented evidence on the origin of the name “Big Ben”, we can’t say for 100% certainty that it was named after Sir Benjamin Hall.\u00a0 Another possibility that has been proposed is that it was named after Benjamin Caunt, a very popular heavyweight boxing champion in the 1850s, who was also nicknamed “Big Ben”.<\/p>\n

Yet another popular theory is that it was named in 1857 during a sitting of the House of Commons. At some point someone, tired of the long meeting over the naming of the great bell, just shouted “Why not call it Big Ben?” as a joke while Sir Benjamin Hall was talking.\u00a0 However, if such a thing actually happened, there should be Parliament records of this, but there is not. Thus, it\u2019s thought the original Hall inscription story is more likely; though in both that story and the Parliament story, it was named after Sir Hall who was integrally connected with the building of the tower, clock, and bells.<\/p>\n

As to why the clock tower was built in the first place, in 1834, a fire destroyed the Palace of Westminster\u2014then the seat of the British government\u2014leaving only a few parts of the palace standing. The next year, with reconstruction well on its way, Parliament opted to include a clock tower in the redesign. It wasn\u2019t the first clock tower that the parliament buildings had seen. The first one was built between 1288 and 1290 and contained a bell known as \u201cGreat Edward\u201d or \u201cGreat Tom.\u201d A second tower, containing the first public chiming clock in England, replaced the first in 1367. In 1707, that tower was demolished because it had fallen into disrepair. Instead of replacing the tower with another, a sundial was put up in its place.<\/p>\n

After the fire, Sir Charles Barry\u2019s design for the new Houses of Parliament was chosen out of 97 designs submitted for consideration- his design didn\u2019t originally include a clock tower. He added one in 1836 and later drew up a detailed design with the help of Augustus Pugin. Pugin was never recognized by Barry for supplying the design for the clock, despite Pugin saying, \u201cI never worked so hard in my life as for Mr. Barry for tomorrow I render all the designs for finishing his bell tower & it is beautiful…\u201d<\/p>\n

The tower was Pugin\u2019s last design. In 1852, before work on the tower was completed, Pugin suffered a breakdown. He was unable to speak coherently or recognize his family, and died several months later despite attempted therapy. He was only forty years old and never knew how famous his last design would become.<\/p>\n

Construction on the tower began September 28, 1843. It was built from the inside out so that scaffolding couldn\u2019t be seen by passers-by.<\/p>\n

Besides Pugin’s work, Sir Charles Barry also sought additional help when it came to the actual clock mechanism itself. He chose Benjamin Lewis Vuillamy, who was the Queen\u2019s clockmaker, to work on a design, though other clockmakers were also brought in to give their advice and opinions. In 1846, a competition was held to see who would build the clock, but some amazingly tough standards- for the age- were set by the Astronomer Royal, Sir George Airy. Airy stated that the clock needed to strike the hour within one second\u2019s accuracy, and the performance of the clock was to be telegraphed to the Greenwich Observatory twice daily.\u00a0 This harsh criteria caused seven years of delay.<\/p>\n

When Edward John Dent was finally appointed to build the clock in 1852, he found that the tower was too small for the initial clock design. This caused further delays and alterations had to be made to the tune of \u00a3100 (adjusted for inflation by average earnings, that’s about \u00a369,000 today). To top it all off, after finally getting construction underway, Dent died the next year and his stepson had to take over. The clock was finally finished in 1854, costing a total of \u00a32500 to make.<\/p>\n

The clock\u2019s delay didn\u2019t end up mattering very much, as the clock tower itself had suffered delays as well. The clock wasn\u2019t actually installed until 1859. During the two-year wait, modifications were made to meet the Astronomer Royal\u2019s standards. For instance, Edmund Beckett Denison invented a \u201cDouble Three-Legged Gravity Escapement\u201d for the clock which made sure that the pendulum wasn\u2019t affected by wind or other external factors putting pressure on the clock\u2019s hands. Also known as the Grimthorpe Escapement, this revolutionary invention is still used on many clocks throughout the world today.<\/p>\n

When the clock was finally installed in April 1859, it didn\u2019t work. The original cast iron hands were too heavy to keep time and had to be replaced by lighter copper hands. At last, on May 31, 1859, the clock began successfully keeping time. But the tower wasn\u2019t yet completed\u2014it also needed a bell.<\/p>\n

Like the rest of the features of the tower, the great bell also suffered delays. The first great bell was cast in 1856 and hung in the New Palace Yard where it was tested every day. On October 17, 1857, as mentioned previously, a crack over a metre long appeared on the bell. Fingers were pointed, but no one fessed up. Because the original bell casters\u2014the Warners\u2014asked for too much to replace the bell, the Whitechapel Foundry got the job for the replacement. The second bell weighed 2.5 tonnes less than the first (13.5 tons instead of 16), but it was still so large that it took thirty hours to winch it up to the belfry in the tower.<\/p>\n

At last, on July 11, 1859, Big Ben rang out for the first time. Unfortunately, in September of that year, a crack appeared in the bell again. This time supposedly because the hammer used to strike it was approximately two times the maximum weight the original bell founder specified for the bell.\u00a0 This crack caused the great bell to remain silent for a few years. However, in 1863, Airy came up with a solution: turn the bell so that the hammer struck a different spot, make the hammer lighter, and cut a small square in the bell so that the crack wouldn\u2019t spread. His solution worked, and to this day, the same cracked “Big Ben” sits in the belfry, ringing away on the hour.<\/p>\n

If you liked this article, you might also enjoy our new popular podcast, The BrainFood Show (iTunes<\/a>, Spotify<\/a>, Google Play Music<\/a>, Feed<\/a>), as well as:<\/p>\n